Showing posts with label Presence Model. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Presence Model. Show all posts

Monday, October 24, 2022

7 Steps to Creating Presence in Online Courses - Step 7

Online teaching and learning should be "an experience" where presence is felt by both instructors and learners. How is presence created?  

The seventh step for creating online presence is to use the Framework described in Step 6 to create a Design Plan. Remember, the Framework includes the Learner-Centered Model and the Determinants of Presence. Let's look at an example of how the plan was developed by a science instructor. In her course: 

  1. the Content she created was both content- and process-based.  
  2. the Format included a blend of individual and group work (more individual in the beginning, transitioning to group work after the first few weeks). 
  3. the Interaction Activities she selected supported the Content and fit her students’ needs.
  4. the Roles she played as instructor were determined by the level of institutional Support she had, the course Content, and the Format she had created (as a result, she played a number of Roles).
  5. the Technologies she chose were to implement the Format and enable the Interaction Activities. 
  6. the Support she used included three types: instructional, technical, and self-support. Self-support is an important new addition to this determinant and focuses on setting self-boundaries and taking care of self. This is important not only for the instructor but also for the learners.

The science instructor's Design Plan illustrates this seventh step.

But Step 7 is an expansive step. In online learning you are creating a “learning experience” …so you’re designing in phases; not just when the course happens (during) but also before the course begins, at the end of the course, and even after. In the next weeks you’ll see how our instructor expanded the Design Plan to develop these phases. 

 

Reference 

Lehman, R. M., & Conceição, S. C. (2010). Creating a Sense of Presence in Online Teaching: How to “Be There” for Distance Learners. Jossey-Bass. 

Monday, October 17, 2022

7 Steps to Creating Presence in Online Courses - Step 6

 

Online teaching and learning should be an experience where presence is felt by both instructors and learners. How is presence created?

 

The sixth step is to design your course step-by-step for presence and community. For this you'll need a design framework. The Design Framework we created in our presence book (Lehman & Conceição, 2010) includes the Learner-Centered Model discussed in Step 5 and six tools to use – we call the tools the Determinants of Presence: 

 

1.     Content

2.     Format

3.     Instructor Roles

4.     Strategies

5.     Technologies

6.     Support

 

The arrows connecting the model to the instructor and the determinants is the dynamic process you go through to revisit the Model and the Determinants as you develop your course. 

Reference

Lehman, R. M., & Conceição, S. C. (2010). Creating a Sense of Presence in Online Teaching: How to “Be There” for Distance Learners. Jossey-Bass. 

Monday, October 10, 2022

7 Steps to Creating Presence in Online Courses - Step 5

 

The fifth step is to use a LEARNER-CENTERED MODEL. The learner-centered model we created in our presence book (Lehman & Conceição, 2010) helps instructors better understand the perceptual nature of students and ways in which the educational experience can be designed to create presence.

Learners are at the center of the model, with their thoughts, emotions and behavior. We call this center circle the Who. The next circle is the What, which indicates the interactive experiences that can be created for learners. For example, the instructor can incorporate:

  1. objective experiences (Skype or electronic office hours to create a sense of objective presence)

  2. subjective experiences (the use of names and learners’ experiences to incorporate the personal)

  3. social experiences (interactive activities, group and team work, or discussion)

  4. environmental experiences (which allow students to actually change the learning environment through feedback and formative course change)

The circle around the What is the How or Modes of Presence, the ways in which these interactions can be carried out. For example, the instructor can use:

  1. realism (a simulation or a real life project)

  2. immersion (Second Life or gamification)

  3. involvement (debates, the discussion board, group work, or team projects)

  4. suspension-of-disbelief (the use of videos, reading materials, or audio podcasts)

The outer circle is the Where, the online environment (described in the Differences Chart) that the instructor participates in, partnering with learners.

Reference

Lehman, R. M., & Conceição, S. C. (2010). Creating a sense of presence in online teaching: How to “be there” for distance learners. Jossey-Bass. 


Tuesday, July 5, 2022

The "Being There for the Online Learner" Model

To understand how online learners experience presence and better design for those experiences, we have developed a "Being There for the Online Learner" model. This model illustrates learners' three-phase perceptual process (the inner world, the interface with the outer world, and the outer world), through which they experience presence. The model also incorporates the types of experience, the modes of presence, and how these elements interplay. 


Reference

Lehman, R. M., & Conceição, S. C. (2010). Creating a Sense of Presence in Online Teaching: How to “Be There” for Distance Learners. Jossey-Bass. 

 




Sunday, March 6, 2022

Ways in Which Presence Can Be Experienced

 

Presence is complex and elusive, and not easy to understand. We developed the “Being There for the Online Learner” model to make presence more concrete. The model is based on the perceptual systems and takes into consideration the dimensions of the learner, the types of experience, and the modes of presence. This episode focuses on the model and ways in which presence can be experienced in the online environment. Join in the virtual discussion and share your experiences with creating presence in your online courses.

Based on the book, Creating a Sense of Presence in Online Teaching: How to “Be There” for Distance Learners.

  • What objective experiences do you include in your online courses?
  • What subjective experiences do you include in your online courses?
  • How do you engage your learners in your online courses to create a sense of presence?

 

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