Creating a strong sense of presence in online education is essential to bridge the virtual gap between instructors and learners. Lehman and Conceição (2010), in their book Creating a Sense of Presence in Online Teaching: How to "Be There" for Distance Learners, introduce a comprehensive framework for fostering this presence within online courses.
Understanding the Framework for Designing Online Courses with a Sense of Presence
Lehman and Conceição's (2010) framework is built upon several key determinants that collectively enhance the feeling of presence in virtual learning environments. These determinants include:
- Type and Focus of Content: Align course materials with learners' needs and ensure relevant and engaging content.
- Format of the Learning Experience: Design the course structure to promote interaction, whether through synchronous sessions, asynchronous discussions, or a blend of both.
- Interactive Strategies: Implement activities encouraging collaboration, such as group projects, peer reviews, and interactive discussions.
- Role of the Instructor: Maintain an active and visible presence by providing timely feedback, facilitating discussions, and being accessible to students.
- Types of Technology: Utilize tools and platforms that support interactive and immersive experiences, enhancing learning.
- Support Provided: Offer resources and assistance to help students navigate the online environment effectively, address technical issues, and provide academic support.
Practical Application of the Framework
To illustrate the application of this framework, consider the following strategies:
- Before the Course Begins: Send a personalized welcome message to students, introducing yourself and outlining the course objectives. This initial communication sets a tone of approachability and openness.
- During the Course: Incorporate regular interactive elements such as live Q&A sessions, discussion forums, and collaborative assignments to keep students engaged and foster community.
- At the End of the Course: Provide a reflective activity where students can share their learning experiences and feedback, reinforcing their sense of contribution and presence within the course.
By thoughtfully integrating these determinants into course design, educators can create online learning environments that convey information and build a strong sense of presence. This approach leads to more engaging, interactive, and effective educational experiences for distance learners.
Reference
Lehman, R. M., & Conceição, S. C. O. (2010). Creating a Sense of Presence in Online Teaching: How to "Be There" for Distance Learners. Jossey-Bass.
